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lay judge
A lay judge is a person assisting a judge in a trial and as such are sometimes called lay assessors. Lay judges are used in some civil law jurisdictions. Japan began implementing a new lay judge system in 2009.〔Juries in Japan, retrieved on June 10, 2010.〕 Lay judges are appointed volunteers and often require some legal instruction. However, they are not permanent officers, as they tend proceedings about once a month, and often receive only nominal or "costs covered" pay. Lay judges are used usually when the country does not have juries. Unlike jurymen, lay judges are usually politically appointed, not randomly selected, and they may not be rejected by the prosecution, the defense, or the permanent judges. Lay judges are similar to magistrates of England and Wales, but magistrates sit about twice more often.
== Austria ==
In criminal proceedings, lay judges sit alongside professional judges on cases carrying a maximum punishment of more than five years, as well as for political crimes. Lay judges are also used in labor, social, and commercial law disputes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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